My work bench  

Click for INDEX

Some times the date at the end of  page differs!

Safety Claim
This Work Shop Web pages are here for people that have little skills, who are willing to follow instructions and seriously want to build and are looking for more ideas in order to enhance their own abilities in the field of electronics or general building skills for creating power towards self preservation. I will not be answering any emails for obvious reasons. I urge you to exercise utmost precaution in copying the work on these pages. As you work on HV stand on a rubber mat, keep one hand in the pocket and observe all the safety rules taught in cyber space. You are following my building instructions at your own risk while you are in agreement  in taking full responsibility for your own work done and all outcome thereof. Keep in mind that John Bedini's work is patent pending and all my web page text and pictures are copy claimed material, for private utilization only and not for commercial use. If you are a trouble maker and intend to cause your neighbor harm, heed that you are under the consequences of the Creator and Savior Jesus Christ,  also know that for any damaging action caused by yourself against your fellow man, even just by thinking it, is harming your own soul to a much greater extent then you could ever think of harming your neighbor with. Perhaps you will feel the opposite under the guidance of the opponent as long as you are living,  the moment you put down your garment though, you will remember my admonition and bitterly regret, under ongoing immense suffering, not having listened to all the warnings while alive on this planet!!

If I receive your positive and genuine heart-felt email please be not irritated by my failure of compliance; I ask herewith our Saviour to bless you for it. The opponent has used destructive, deceptive, positive, spiritual, verbal and written communication, covering up their evil intent to get what they want while abusing their neighbors and wasting their efforts or even killing them, for a long time!

I, ERWIN BADERTSCHER, have never met nor talked to John Bedini personally to this date nor have I : Erwin-Badertscher, although I feel that I know him for a long time. I thought it was only proper having to seek for his approval to use his drawings on my pages, especially considering his work being patent pending. As a group member and private researcher, I have asked John Bedini through Rick, the moderator of the Bedini Monopole Group an independent operator and researcher of the John Bedini technology, for permission to use John’s patented SG technology on my Web Pages. Rick kindly sent me the following reply: 

<>Erwin, <>This is what John wrote me back about your post:  <>
He is free to experiment like everybody else with the device. You just can not turn into a business for profit. There are a lot of people with Internet pages on this device. He may post what he wants too.
John Bedini.

A text on part of John Bedini's inventions --->
 http://www.rexresearch.com/bedini/bedini.htm#bedkeelynet

A word of merit:
John Bedini placed some important posts at the beginning stages of the groups to get them going, so did Rick Friedrich all through, along with some friends well versed in the technology. I hope I didn't bungle up too much of what they taught, with my own ideas on my pages. I spent many hours making notes from studying all the posts. So all I am doing here really, is also lending a helping hand for the ones that want to learn this technology. Teaching people to build SG's is really John and Rick’s basic Idea in the first place.

If you are interested in building such an SG energizer but don't know where to begin or just want to see what's cook'n, then join my shop talk and look through my pages. Study Tom Bearden's  papers, John Bedini, Tesla's patents and Edwin Gray's  cold electricity circuit  via Peter Lindemann for in depth theory, you wont find it in my site. Some people forever theorize instead proving their theory by  building it!
You might  wonder about the purpose of just charging batteries. To your pondering I am asking you, do you have enough knowledge and know how to build an efficient perhaps self running energizer off of its own capacitor or fed by batteries which charge themselves resulting of your setup....  create a machine that has enough power output for self preservation.....? Well then, get going.... you have to start some where!!!One thing is for sure; if you tackle the Bedini circuit, you are in for some pleasant surprises!

Out of phase,                     Posted Feb. 4 08
I would like to get you on the self running thinking track right off the bat, which does not happen automatically, because one tends to forget Shawnee’s second coil which is the self running key to the whole SG apparatus. First you tend to concentrate on one coil, and then two, then you are all exited you made them run. Before you know it you are working on a four coiler and have it all laid out, only to suddenly realize, you have no room for the separate generating coil, or two, which are there to feed your primary battery making it a self runner. Also design your shaft long enough for a fly wheel for kinetic energy and a commutator or make the main rotor the flywheel.
The out of phase principle (but doesn't have to be) is roughly explained in picture form of my schematics page, Image 16a, Motor sketch out of my shop note book.
For the generating coils I'd try 1000 ft or more of # 20 to 23AWG single strand, or more strands see Image 12 below, rectified charging a capacitor and timed commutator dump. Would be interesting to note the difference between a standard charging coil versus a HV coil to charge batteries with.

John Koorn also a lively Bedini tech. experimenter has some interesting news in his lab notes regarding the back-popping experiment from the generator coil.
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/bedini_monopole2/message/3387

If you are interested in how I switch to primary charge of the self running monopole, then go to schem. page index  oo Monopole magneto 11a.

Also see out of phase: http://www.sayedsaad.com/fundmental/5_Sine%20Wave%20In%20Phase.htm

Do not compare Rick's demonstrations with mine. As a beginner you will not likely be able to replicate his stuff since he does not give any step by step and close up picture instructions. I gave up looking at his video demos and photos not getting the help I needed. Any picture is useless if one cannot see all detail, especially if it is meant for reproductive tutoring. If it isn't why wonder when people do not care. Rick writes in PESWiki.com re: Self-runner :

" http://www.icehouse.net/john1/index101.htm 

Everyone wanted to have this done and demanded the details but no one seemed to make much effort in replicating what had been given in the book all the way back in 1984. That book had long been out of print, and John gave me permission to republish it until it came back out in the 2006 publication. I was earnest in my research and did numerous experiments. I posted many schematics of my successful research but did not seem to generate much interest by others.One schematic I called ‘Increased Volts’ where I used what we call the trifilar capacitor pulser circuit as shown in the one patent and just pulsed the capacitor back into the only battery (while momentarily disconnecting the battery from the circuit). This I did and filmed over 8 hours where the volts climbed slowly."

Most of Tom Bearden's writings have only value for people who are interested in theory and can understand it, but has little meaning for practical applicators, which is just my humble opinion.  John Bedini is an engineer, I'm not!
Rick is forgetting that John Bedini was pushed against the wall, hence his explanations are limited. The 1984 book is not easy to replicate without any help,  which is the reason people haven't  tackled it, same with ‘Increased Volts’ by Rick. It is one thing to demonstrate a working principle, but another thing to produce a practical working machine. I do not like the words "spoon feeding" since there are many people who would give things a whirl while getting some clear explanations and pointers along with it, which is what helping your neighbor is all about. Just because I have been given a certain ability to accomplish a certain thing toes not mean my neighbor is gifted with the same, which is the reason we ought to help each other out.

I listened very carefully what was said and is written about these SG energizers. I had enough to go by, to prove to myself, that John Bedini's designs all work as claimed, the ones I built so far I’m vouching for anyhow. Now you have enough info. to  build something which will satisfy your needs for the basics, if you don't wander off, that is!!.
Before you'll start building, study all drawings carefully, make notes while you cover all text, thus you'll get most of your questions answered. Re-read my text every once in a while. I keep adding and changing things!!! If you read my whole text you will see my steady progress since I  started this website, hence you will find paradoxes since I seldom erase remarks I had made even if found that I was wrong. Through someone else's mistakes one can learn not to make the same. Besides thinking about the paradoxes, it will motivate your thinking-cap for some better choices!
Start with the basic small machine. Choose the board size (stator plate) with upgrading in mind like adding coils. You will be able to use it for the small batteries besides you are learning the most important part of the technology, which is switching the radiant energy.  I find myself  charging  Ni-Cad."D" sells most often for my flash lights and lanterns.  Radio Shack makes the best on the market. The NI-Med-Hydr. I am trying out right now.

You can always join Rick's group and study the many hundred posts if you don't mind wasting your time getting to know the illuminati pack's side trails, because it will take you a while to keep apart the good from the bad, the one who is really trying to help and the one trying to mislead!

Use a  600g yogurt container, which measures 3 3/8" on the bottom end, drill a hole into the center of it by using a drill bit of 1/16 less then 1/4 inch, then 1/4 x 3 1/2 inch shafting for full or low profile radial setup depending which of the two you want to build and machine both ends down to 7/32 x 3/4"  and 3/8" long on the other end, cut and drill a center hole with a center drill on both ends on the shaft and file two flat spots into the middle of the shafting. If you have no lathe, have it done in a machine shop it will save you a lot of hassle. If you are interested in a Mini Lathe reed my lathe paragraph on the Parts Page. If you want to build a low gravity rotor like my first one, then the shaft length should measured the length of the magnets. If you want to time the caps mechanically for a self runner, you need a longer shaft. Upper half of magnets are cast in plastic, whereas the lower half of magnets are free spinning around the Wood or Aluminum /bearing assembly. Obviously the magnet to base clearance is given by the DIA (diameter) size of the coils used, this makes of a lot shorter shaft, except you want to use the long shaft for running a reduction and timing setup to dump the back EMF in the batteries from the timed caps and self runner (thinking ahead), then go for the 3" casting so you have good reason to mount a top bearing, see Image 6 below. For my self; I haven't yet found the moment to time the caps, since I got into the Bedini/Cole switching or the "big six" ice-house four-transistor arrangement. There is plenty of charging power in those last three energizers I built. Most people cut their coil wires to short. For sure do start with at least 300 feet per strand. The longer and more strands you can bunch together, the more efficiency, closer impedance matching and more charging power you'll get,  just keep in mind that the magnet length should be as close as possible to the DIA (diameter) of the coil.

Cut two disks out of a door skin that fit (one)in the bottom of the yogurt container. I use an adjustable circle hole cutter for that, it comes with drill bit (remove the bit) and shaft and bar through the main shaft with two movable cutters on the bar. I mark the magnet location 1/8 under size on the two disks with pencil and compass cut 4 peaces of wood 1/8" smaller as the magnets, (except the length, I make them a little longer and keep in mind that the machinist must have about 1/8" to face and machine off, all around) glue them onto the disks. 1. The 4 peaces of wood cut in half if you build a low gravity rotor and if short on plastic composite, except if: 2. Leave the 4 peaces of wood the full length and slide a peace of slightly tapered round wood 25mm x 40 mm DIA onto the shaft (cut them into quarters and tape together), which you brake out once you have the casting finished, the DIA size of the bearing assembly, that way you have your  mags surrounded with plastic (less wind, more solidity, more weight) with a open space on the lower side of the rotor for the bearing assembly, just get the machinist to clean it out a bit, marked with red ink on my SG Cross-Section blue print.  I apply Automotive wax or Johnsons wood as a releasing agent, grease works too, slide the 1/4 bar stock through it, place it into the yogurt container by forcing the shaft through the hole about 1/32 " smaller then 7/32 up to the wood disk and shoulder with the 3/4 long machined end sticking out, + one inch for the low rider. Next I mix enough peroxide catalyst to suit polyester resin 55%, then add talcum powder 45% (prevent overheating), which is sold at Auto Parts store or 50/50 plastic epoxy to cover my whole assembly inside the  container. The next day I shake the content out, brake out all the wood around it and have the whole thing machined into exact shape. If you do an accurate job with the compass, pencil and fitting together your mold, the machinist will have it done in an hour, incl. set up, if he is any good at all. If you give him two or three rotors at a time, you will save money in the long run.
Glue in the magnets with E-Z "Super Glue"  (do not count on any glue for a permanent bond!!!)     
Placing the safety strap on the low profile rotor, make certain the strapping is placed above the center of the magnets for clamping them onto the solid plastic!!! Drill and tap for two oval tapered sst machine screw and sink them into the epoxy with a file or rotary power tool in order to get the screw heads flush with the circumference of the rotor, then balance the rotor on two bearings.
Shortcut: Depending on your accuracy with your eyes and hands, you might be able to cast a rotor freehanded and balance it, as described, without vibration as an end result.  Saw or file out the pattern of the two perforated (drill holes) 1/8th plywood or ABS discs with equal spaces for the mags and a hole in the center to take the shaft, drill the flow holes for the resin equally around the disks, fasten the disks onto a mandrel or bolt with nut and true them up in the drill-press-chuck by lowering the spindle with rotating mandrell onto a bolted down cutter. You might setup your dove tail magnets in a radial fashion on a straight/level platform with a hole in the center and glue the disks onto the mags 1/2 inch from the ends using spacers on the disks in relation to the level surface, place the glued up assembly with the shaft in the drill press chuck and check it out. Cut and wax up two thin peaces of plastic for the side and the lower end and tape it all together and pour the mould. Besides this exercise being a good practice for an accuracy discipline I wish you  good luck, but do not recommend this procedure.

2a. Commutator mold:

1 - 1/4" copper coupling was cut on a 45º angle making sure to keep the copper nice and round, then wrapped with card board and lots of masking tape for the mold, 1/2" longer then the copper remembering space for set screws, then filled with resin. As you will see in image 2a there are some imperfections which are just gone over with resin and putty knife or brush. When chucked in the lathe true up along the copper surface with dial indicator once you think all low spots are taken care of. File the resin where the jaws are grabbing it until the work peace runs true, then use the center drill for life center application.
You need to use two 1/4 NC set screws in the epoxy from both sides, that way you don't have to tighten them too much. Don't use more than 10% talcum powder or none at all in the resin in this case depending on size, just cool it in cold water while it is hardening if you can't touch it anymore. If you strip the threads, drill it up to 1/2NC, pour the bore with straight resin again and re-cut the 1/4 NC thread, it's easy, and it cuts like cheese :)
.

Image 2a

The magnets you need for this project are ceramic ferrite magnets, do not use neodymium magnets!!
In JB's drawing “Simple Hook Up”, the ferrite magnets are glued on top of the roller skate wheel and in the lower drawing the magnets are machined, hand worked, glued or cast inside the outer circle. (Use ferrite magnets only).
Very important:            
1.   Do not use round magnets for serious testing and work, the Magnets must be the width of the coil, as JB's lower drawing is showing, unless you build the motor just for fun and play.
2.   The magnets must be placed at least 1 1/2 times their width apart from each other around the circumference of the wheel. 13 x 25 x 50mm is a good size for starters, 70mm would be even better if you can find them since your coil DIA is around 70mm.  Don't hesitate to start with 50mm magnets, if you later on decide for bigger coils you can always glue a  4" 10mm magnet on top of the 50mm which works out quite well, if you manage to line them up properly, use a flat surface and blocks, which is not easy to do; if you don't mind the wind created by the tall magnets, that is. A 5" rotor is not to bad for wind if you rap a bit of plastic around it. Anything bigger, you'd be better off going with a solid volume rotor and consider the benefit of the kinetic energy created at high RPM's for a self runner, once you learn how to setup or switch the energy accordingly!
3.   Use a compass and check the magnets for north, be carefully not to go closer than 12" near the magnet, in order not to damage the compass. The face of the magnet is south which the north needle of the compass is pointing to, only if the N-needle is deflecting off the magnet is it a north face, mark the north face with an felt-pen before you glue them onto the wheel with the north mark facing out. If you are still not sure , then take a map, or orient yourself of your North position knowing that the sun rises at the east and sets in the west, stretch out your right arm towards east and the left towards west, now you are looking north. Place a string around your magnet with the poles horizontally oriented and hold the string in the air, you have to play a little with it until the magnet no longer moves, then mark it north, repeat it three four times. Remember that like poles repel each other, hence the north needle of a compass has to be pointing to the opposite pole of a magnet held in front of it. The motor will not work with top performance if you mount the  magnets south poles out ward.
Once you need to buy more and bigger magnets, a cheaper way is to acquire 25x100x150mm (1x4x6”) slabs for around $28.00 CAD. at    http://www.indigo.com/magnets/gphmgnts/strontium-ferrite-magnet.html   or   http://www.wondermagnets.com/
1x1x4 grade 8 ferrite mags are available at:     http://www.northwestmagnet.com/permanent-magnets.html
Use your rain gear, running a Masonry diamond disc saw, water tray is a must, otherwise the mags. get hot with the result of cracking and losing magnetism,  cut  6 -- 1x1x4” and 4 – 1x1x6 bars for your bigger SG  rotors. Make sure you stop short by turning the mags around to finish the cuts and hold them  down firm, because they want to  flip around at the end of the cut. If you are not quite with it, you'll wake up real quick on this job!!!  Cut them as precise to size and weight as you possibly can. Have a scale handy since you have to finish trimming them anyhow. Dove-tail shape magnets is the answer  if you  are not  using  copper  bands  around the  rotor circumference. Make yourself a jig for the masonry diamond disc saw and grind between 10 and 15 degrees ceramic material off of each side.There is one way to get  your 3"  75mm mags, which is by cutting four strips, length wise of the 6" slab and cutting them in half. Again keep in mind that you will not be able to cut all the magnets exactly to same size which will cause  an imbalance in the rotor which you must correct. If you weigh them carefully and keep cutting them to the right weight it helps a lot.

Glue in the magnets with E-Z "Super Glue"          http://www.wondermagnets.com   Force Field,   you'll find it under "Needful Things"  Thick Viscosity #5503 and the accelerator spray on #5504 .    I bought the Med Viscosity which is still too thin. Once the glue is sprayed with the  accelerator, it  hardens instantly, good stuff.

5. Balancing:
Most of the vibration caused is in the imbalance of the rotor, seldom the shaft. Placed the rotor/axle on two straight edges or clamp  the base-board perpendicular in a vice placing the rotor (axis) in a horizontal position and balance it properly, meaning wherever it stops, stick some nails on the magnet on the opposite side, mark the spot and weigh the nails and replace with copper or peaces of copper wire, epoxy glue, with a strip of mask. tape to hold it there 'till hardened.  Proceed with this operation  until the  rotor always stops on a different  location.
The spinner of my SSG4a is a "yogurt" rotor with a 4 mm shaft, I am very pleased with it, considering it being plastic, to say the least. Because of the 2" leverage, I had to use a life center off a bearing to keep it steady, (It was vibrating on the top of the shaft just like a top does) using the acrylic strip, but build it heavier then mine; Much simpler than sliding the bearing over the shaft.
For a fast jobby and fun, you can just take two CD's with base and glue four magnets onto them. Sure it will work, but you will be restricted with its use and not pleased with this kind of rotor in the long run. Besides you won't likely get  it up to top RPM meaning the sweet spot where it draws the least current where everything harmonizes since it won't be balanced properly or running true, unless you manage to do so.
                                                                                                       

6. How to build coil bobbins:

About 4 length 1 ft x 1" steel tubing of 1/16 wall thickness and painted with rust paint is needed, The OD (Outside Diameter) will be 15/16 = 1/16 less then one inch. A  strip of brown packing paper 5" x 24", applying a film of grease around the pipe, take the strip hang it in front of you, guide it under the pipe around it over the top and stick it on the greasy pipe so that the whole pipe is covered with the paper, keep it slightly tight and apply carpenters glue starting on the end of the strip about a third  around the pipe over the top and  approximately 6" up the paper towards and in front of yourself. Try to keep the strip as square to the pipe as possible   then wrap the glued paper around the pipe, tighten it and move it while tight  until squared up with a carpenter’s square. You might have to try it a few times until you get the hang of it. The paper has to slightly slide on the pipe so you can adjust it according your need, you must place just the right amount of grease. Once nice and tight and square, apply glue to the rest of the paper until the whole strip is on the pipe and cover same also with glue. Let dry over night, but no longer unless you painted the pipe.

We need 3/16" -  5mm acrylic sheet (Plexy Glass), Lexan is stronger not as brittle and nicer to work with but more expensive or a door skin usually 1/8 plywood, a couple of bar clamps (with wooden handles) the first one, top left in the following link if you can not see image 2, then copy: http://www.bosstoolsupply.com/index.asp?PageAction=VIEWCATS&Category=385&dc=adwords

Image 2
Go to tool accessories in this next link if you can not see Image 3 copy this next link:   http://www.bosstoolsupply.com/index.asp?PageAction=VIEWCATS&Category=381  
where they show the right picture of a twin cutter towards the bottom of the page "Cutting Accessories" this is the one we need. If you click on  that cutting accessories they will show you a cutter with only one blade which is no good for our purpose since we do not use the drill bit in the center for support, thus the twin cutter works much better and is less dangerous on the final cut of the work peace, if you set both cutters the same.  --------->

                                                                                                                                                    Cutting    Accessories

Concerning these clamps, the threaded rods have a free rotating disc making it possible to reach over the top of objects. Take any flat  peace of wood, place it on the table of the drill press with the acrylic sheet on top of it and clamp it tight. Place an adjustable circle hole cutter in the chuck turn the cutters with the chamfer side out in order to get a nicely straight and clean cut on the OD of the disc, set both cutters exact to the desired size, adjust the acrylic into the right position while making sure the crossbar of the cutter is not touching the bar clamps (test cut), now drill the center hole first by exchanging the cutter with a 1" spade drill bit and then proceed with cutting the disc out. Of course you do not have to use acrylic. A 1/8" - 3 1/2mm door skin using clear lacquer will do just fine for bobbin disks. Double them up when the OD of the coil is greater then 2 3/4" - 70mm. Back to the bobbin cores: Place the   pipe/tubing back in the vice and twist the glued rolled up packing paper off the pipe. If you used the right amount of grease, you should be able to twist them off quit easily, just a matter of practice, don't leave them on the pipe more then 8 hrs. Take your measurement of the length of the spool and transfer it equally to your bobbin core, draw two pencil lines around the circumference by wrapping a peace of straight paper around the core and mark along the edge. Take a knife and peal approx. three layers of paper off along the pencil line on both ends, then file the disk bore until the disks will slide on the paper core to your pencil mark on both sides of the  core. Use a tube of IPS WELD-ON # 16 clear, thickened CEMENT for  Acrylic Sheet to glue the disks around the cores. For the door skin disks, use Carpenters Glue. Trim bobbin core to length after glue has set by letting about 3mm protrude, apply glue twice or three times for strength very important if you want the disks to hold the copper on the bobbin core.

7. Length, size of wire and cables:
The sizes to have handy would be: 2 small spools #30 and #26 each. 1 - 35kg spool of # 23, #18 and #8 each.
The opinions vary here, but I give you what has worked for me so far. The most important points to consider are impedance matching to the batteries and coils used, range , transistor SOA curve, high RPM (many turns) for highest possible voltage spike and highest frequency equals lowest possible ampere draw. This is best accomplished by a stranded/lized long (more field less amps) wire by adding strands to a certain footage until  0.4 - 0.6 ohm is reached.
My coils DIA  3"x2 3/8" 75x60mm long 1" core. Exactly 300 ft approx. 500 turns 6 filer/strands 1 of # 26, 5 of # 23 AWG. We know that 1 strand at 300ft  = 4.6 ohms  5 strands is equal to 1.1 ohm. To achieve 0.4 ohm we would need at least 12 strands #23AWG. The size bobbin needed for that amount with a one inch core would be close to DIA 4 ¼  x 3 ½ long =110 x 90mm. I know for sure, that 12 strands of 350 ft #23AWG, soldered as one, measures 1.0 ohm.
To buy a big roll of # 23AWG is probably a good idea. Stay with the 300ft wire length and once you size up just keep adding wire strands/lize to the multyfilar twisted wire to bring the impedance down like explained above.
Number 8 and #30 is also very helpful to have handy. By using #8 instead "K" copper you take advantage of the self-induction. Even a perfectly straight length of conductor has some inductance. Inductance has its greatest effect in AC current. Current in a conductor produces a magnetic field surrounding the conductor..... See: http://www.sayedsaad.com/fundmental/8_Self-Inductance.htm

Whenever you construct positive and negative bus bars or charging conductors, always design and cut them to equal length! If you bring two leads to one point, make sure the continuing conductor has a cross section of both wires! Watch the cross sections. The bus bars around your motor should have at least the same cross sections as the twisted coil wires added up measured from the coils, same with the charging cables. With eight coils using 1/8th stranded/lized wire, you would need a charging cable as thick as 7/16th" 11mm in order to match the impedance with the big batteries.
If anyone would ask me for advice, I'd say go, for the 12 lized 23 awg since it will be used most likely for charging car and truck batteries at the end anyhow, with the benefit of the matched  impedance and probably not getting away with using BD234 bipolar transistors. For any motor drawing more than 3amps, use MJL21194's. Mind you, if you are planning to build several energizers, then something in between comes in handy for small batteries like my small four coiler with a max. of 3.2 amps at 15V SSG4a . The nice thing is, the lower the power source you use, the less current it will draw. The SSG4a is very flexible, it will still run and charge a small battery with an input as low as 3 volts, while in the other hand, it also will charge a 600CCA battery quite quickly at 12 volts.
For the ones that wish to use shorter  wire.  6 filer 1 # 22 /5 #18AWG for the five strands is 0.8 ohm at 150 ft, where 1 strand   = 1.5 ohm. Coil size with a 1” core is DIA 4” x 3 3/8" long 100 x 85mm. I used them on my 8 coiler, wires are to short, I think I could do better although I have reached a nice high RPM, I believe the current draw would be lower on the primary with higher voltage spikes and would reach higher RPM yet, had I staid with the 300 feet wire length, #23awg conductor and thicker twisted lize strand ( down to 0.4 ohm) and bigger coil bobbins. The December 30-05  SSG is my great switching improvement but the coil-strands are not quite where they should be for top charging performance.

8. Twisting the copper wire:
Pick a tree, a fence, anything to tie your wires to, measure off 300 feet and mark it with spray paint or a peg, get rid of all the debris, place skids every 10 feet unless you want to play monkey climb up tree. String you wire with a little pulley, save yourself a trip or two, once you have them all cut and strung out, tie heavy objects at the one end of the wire of equal weight like rebar’s as an example, place your pulley on the wires by pulling and shaking them, or use a fish scale and place equal tension on every wire, this is how I  get rid of all sagging wires before twisting. If you disregard this operation you will have wire loops protruding all over your twisted wire creating havoc to your impedance. Place an eye bolt in the chuck of an electric hand drill and fasten the copper wire by twisting through it. Let the drill wine by keeping the wire always nice and tout, first for a few seconds, then check the whole line making sure for the absence of debris and loose loops, otherwise flip the drill in reverse and fix the problem. Twist the wire until short by about 10 feet from your 300 ft mark  and 5 feet (the 5 feet is acurate but the 10 feet keep an eye on the twists /inch) back of 150 feet, drive a peg in the ground, add a nail to it and hang the eye bolt  onto the nail. Now take it out of the drill chuck. Place a new eye bolt in the chuck and repeat the whole procedure at the other end of the wire. Talk to an Electrician for an empty wire reel, Cut a stick from your hazelnut bush which fits nicely into your hand, drill a hole into the face end of it and fasten it to the side of the reel with a lag screw and wind the twisted wire unto the reel, using a broom stick or shafting  to spin it on. Whenever you pre-drill for a wood screw, measure the thickness of the thread root and chose a drill bit slightly smaller than the root. If you use hard wood, add a little grease to the screw.

Chamfer both ends of a 3/8" threaded  12" rod and both ends of a 3/8" threaded  4" rod, drill a 3/8" hole at both ends of a 1/8 x 3/4 x 6" flat bar, stick the one  rod into one 3/8 hole and the other bar into the opposite end in a Z fashion, square everything up and weld it shut. Cut a 7/8 x 1 5/8 x 10" birch wood and drill a 1/2" (-5  -15 for press fit) hole 3/4" from the end into the flat side and press a 3/8ID x 1/2 OD x 1" long sintered or just bronze bushing (Princess Auto Store) into the hole, letting it stick out 1/16" on both sides. Take a  3 1/2" length off that hazelnut stock and drill a 1/2" -5  -15 bore lengthwise through it and press a 3/8ID x 1/2 OD x 1" long bushing into both ends of it, use a vice to do it with and stick it onto the 4" rod with a washer and lock nut. If the bushings fall into the 1/2 " holes, take a hacksaw and cut some slots into the OD of the bushings and glue them in with Carpenters Glue an fine saw dust. Place a flat washer on the 12" rod and push it against the flat bar, measure from the washer 1" plus half the thickness of a cutter pin or roll pin (drill slightly smaller for roll pin) and drill a hole through the threaded rod for the cutter pin. Machine two cones from a 1 3/4 x 1 3/4 peace of birch wood each with the narrow end of the cone 1/2" and the other 1 3/4 and drill a 3/8 hole through them  take two 1 1/2' fender washers with 3/8 bores and install with cones, bobbin and a lock nut on to the 12" rod. Drilling a hole through the inside cone and shaft with a rod/nail through it to tie the copper wire-end will stop the bobbin from slipping as you wind the wire onto it.




Image 5

 
    10. Filling the spools  (SSG):
Take the reel with the twisted copper wire and clamp the shaft in a radial position into something a few feet to the right side from the vice, stick your reel with the twisted copper wire on the shaft for easy turning and clamp the wire winder into the vice, see picture Image 4 - 5, take a felt pen and mark the top of the winder with a clock wise arrow for a north oriented right hand rule coil. For the North Pole orientation, use your felt pen and mark a big black dot  besides which you Drill a small hole close to the edge of the acrylic disk for a small copper wire to tie down the main wire..... not like I did, don't take the big wire out of that hole, it gets into the road of the spinning magnet...... and start winding.....
I know John Bedini is not worried how the wire is wound around the bobbins, in this case however, a neatly wound coil makes for a nice tie down and smooth gap adjustment.

11. Right hand rule (North Pole)= grab your spool with your right hand, holding it in front of you, thumb up, which is the north side of the spool with the direction of your curled fingers being the direction of the wire wound, from the thumb towards the small finger. Keep in mind that a positive source of recognized ether waves invariably acts from a north to a south pole, just as the water flows counter clock wise down a sink drain (if undisturbed) up here in the north hemisphere anyway.  The dots drawn on the windings of the spool Image 5 JB' drawing and Image 7 below   indicate the polarity, meaning in John's case, you wind the motor and trigger winding as a two filler clock wise being a north pole (right hand rule), then (for an SG set up) on top of those windings you add the third wire  cranking the  coil winder counter clock wise, since it is south oriented on the north pole of that specific coil.
If you for some reason do not know or can't see which side of the coil is north oriented, then touch the two coil leads to pos. and neg.  battery terminals while holding  a compass in front of the coil, turn coil until south needle of the compass is pointing to the coil core which would indicate the north pole of the coil. The reason why it is not the north needle is because like poles repel each other. You will find that the lead you touched the pos. battery terminal with, is the north lead of  the coil, if you have used the right hand rule, otherwise the opposite would be true.

12. Coil cores:
John Bedini uses Lincoln R60 AWS  R60    1/16” 1.6mm    Number  ED025401 copper coated, oxy-fuel welding rod or cast iron, I finally just learned. I use 1/16 tie wire. When I was eager to find out what wire to use I could not get any proper answers from the local suppliers and when they did sent me $ 60.00 worth, the rods where retaining twice as much magnetism as my tie wire did. I still have all the rods and never  used even one. As long one is not heading for utmost performance, the core material is perhaps not so important in  this SG arrangement. John Bedini long said that the secret is in the collecting and switching of the wires, which I could clearly see in my new SSG 6b using the JB /RC switching schematic. Anyway, I clamp the end of the tie wire into the vice and unroll 15 feet at a time,  cut it and stretch it with a pliers with the one end clamped into the vice. It takes about 5 lengths to fill a 1" core. I made myself a little jig clamped down in front of a yogurt container (I eat yogurt) with a rag inside as a cushion, thus I cut them a 1/4" longer than the spool all to length with a side cutter, a few more than needed, bundle them up with a wire and place them in the hot wood coal for 10 minutes, then placed on top of the oven on a fire brick and let cool over night. The next day I clean and lacquer them. If you don't like the hot coal and lacquer idea, just place the wire in a warm area and wet them down a few times until you have nice layer of corrosion built up, which  will do the trick too.  Then I load them in the core of the coil and hammer the last ones in nice and tight, some glue for safety at the south end. Then I mark the coil for top on the North end at a 90 degree angle of the rotor radius and grind out the proper radius on the stator wire core with a bench grinder, a hand grinder will do the job too and check it with a proper radius template and straight edge for squareness.
  
Image 6
                                                      
 

13. Energizer / rotor Base:
3/4 x 12 x 12" particle board melamine finish (shelving material) for main base. For cushion feet , talk to some one in a tire shop that works on logging skidders  for an old inner tube (rubber is about 4mm thick, you will need lots of it, you can use it for all kinds of things), cut 12  1 x 1" squares and punch a hole through them (punch tool, usually as a set in different sizes or pliers type Revolving Leather Punch ) place onto a  # 6 x 3/4 wood screw, pre drill and mount under the four corners of the main base, tighten until head of screws no longer protrude.
    
14. Bearing assembly: Use 3/4***(less 1/8th) x15/8 x 1 5/8" 19x40x40mm birch wood or solid round plastic or aluminium. Bore two holes in line or either end to take 1 1/4 brass screws also one 5/8 hole into center of the flat side with a spade drill for two bearings and a copper spacer/bushing with OD of either inner or outer bearing race. Cut off from brass tubing or plumbing stock used for sinks feed. Place into chuck of drill press set for high speed and cut to length with a file, thus you have it nicely squared off. 3/4*** is the approx. height of  the standard rotor use different measure for the low profile and make sure that the center of the magnets is  about 2 - 3mm lower as the center of the coil core this will create magnetic lift taking the weight off the bearings. (Consider same tolerance in the top bearing life center!!) The bottom bearing of my two coil 5" rotor hard-drive assembly, dropped out one day, didn't know 'till I stopped it. Have no idea how long it ran with one bearing only, get this: no top support, which means the rotor ran like a gyro, guided in the magnetic field of the stator cores and magnets of the rotor itself. This even works with a one coil set up, hence the oiled play in the bearing does not seem to matter once sufficient RPM is reached.



Take a pencil and mark the diagonals on the white shelving base. Mark the center of the x with a punch and drill a 5/16" or 8mm hole1/4' deep for clearance of the shaft. Set the  predrilled 3/4 x1 5/8 x 1 5/8"  19x40x40mm birch wood into center of your marks, drop the 1 1/4 screws in the holes and hit them slightly with a hammer, predrill according the root size of the screws and tighten screws. Drop a washer in the 5/8 bore which center hole is slightly larger than the small bearing race***, slide the bearings with the spacer in the middle on the shorter end of the yogurt rotor and stick the bearing assembly in the 5/8 bore. If you used a sharp spade drill, the bearings should be nice and snug, if they are to loose, mix some fine saw dust with  Carpenter’s Glue and build up the bore slightly, stick the whole thing back in, check for squareness and let dry. *** When ever you mount a bearing make certain that the outer race takes the weight stopping on the washer or shoulder of the press fit and the inner race does not touch the bore so it can spin freely. This is some times the reason why some people have friction problems.

14a. Oiling lower bearing
Before you stick the lower bearing on the shaft, remove the rubber seal permanently. Oil the  bearing with a wire (drip oil down the wire) through the bore of the upper bearing or drill a diagonal hole into the bearing assembly gluing in a plastic tube out of ball point pen.
A way to permanently oil the bottom bearing or both of the assembly is to keep the bore just 3 to 5 mm deeper than the bearing and remove the lower seals, that way no dirt can get into the oil as long the rotor shaft is in the bearings and you can control the amount of oil by removing the rotor.and dripping oil into the bore.

15. Birch wood:
Is a nice hard wood to work with. If you acquire some green wood, place some cuts length wise the trunk for the bark to curl, thus it will dry nicely, otherwise it will suffocate and rot. Let it dry for a whole season before using. Cut into boards and stacked between spacers and season it by air currents is best. If you are hard pressed and in a hurry, you might find some nice dry chunks at a fire wood sales and get them squared up by a friend who has a table saw.

16. Mount coils:
Place coil in front of the "Yogurt" rotor and measure from flat base to center of rotor, measure from base to center of coil +2 to 3mm and take the difference which will be the thickness of the base you will build next. Every base has to be fitted to each coil since every coil has a slightly different contour line. I use a 2" drum sander (the fine saw dust makes a handy glue additive for building up things or covering cracks) and the drill press and cut out a radius that fits the coil usually in two steps since the last layer of the windings stops in different positions away from the north, meaning about 1/4"  6.5mm space to slide the coil pack and forth for the stator/rotor air gap. If you wind the wire onto the coil cris-cross, the coil will get bigger and you need to use a flat base with wedges and rubber padding, (does not work as good). . Once I have the coil fitted to the right height, I drill a small hole in the center of the base and counter sink the hole so the little head of the screw is flush with the top and lay it on the diagonal with the coil touching the magnets with 1/8th" play, this way you can always pull the coil back for gap adjustment, take the coil off and mark through the hole of the base with a center punch and make sure the mark is in the middle of the diagonal and then predrill for a half inch brass screw. Cut a strip of inner tube rubber, covering have of the circumference of the coil and place on top of the coil and base if needed. Take a measuring tape and measure from base to base over the top of the coil and cut that much off of your 1/2" 22 GA. copper strapping roll making sure you have an odd number of holes for equal length, because the center hole of the strapping will take a stainless steel oval taper head machine screw #8-32 x 1/2" sticking up for the heat sink of your transistors. Bend the ends of the strapping to a 45 degree angle, hold it in place, square in the middle of the coil if possible and mark both sides on the base for accepting the brass screws. Remove the coil and predrill those two holes on a slight angle with proper drill bit size by measuring the root thickness of the screws you are using. Install the whole thing incl. the stainless screw and tighten slightly, adjust the air gap between rotor and coil to 1/16" 11/2mm and tighten. I use mainly #6-32 x3/8 pan head stainless steel machine screws for all the transistors and other mountings.

18.Transistors:
The 2N3055 Transistor has the terminal arrangement different as the BD243C. If you hold it with the holes in a perpendicular line and the leads pointing at you with the off set position down, then the Base is on you right, the Collector is the Case and the Emitter on the  left.

I do not use  transistor insulator grease and pads.  I mount the transistors directly onto the heat sinks with the good conducting slicone grease.

19. Transistor test:
Check the transistor with your VOM  +lead and  - lead as follows:
C+  and B-  = 0         B+ and  E-  = 0.545 ohm              E+ and  B-  = 0  
C+  and E-  = 0         B+ and  C-  = 0.537 ohm              E+  and C-  = 0     
Make double sure by using two different meters...sometimes you might get  a reading of say 0.12 when it should read 0.00 meaning it will be half gone, you can chuck it. Once you have the transistors soldered in place, repeat the whole measuring exercise and mark everything in your lab note book, it will help you tremendously in trouble shooting your electronics.  IRFP260N are N-channel power Mosfets which I replaced two out of four in my 1500 watt inverter, they look just like  MJL21194  NPN Bipolar Power Transistors, but measure with the positive VOM lead 0.545 ohm on the right collector terminal instead, whereas the other two terminals masure 0, holding it like described in paragraph 17. The smaller IRF630 Mosfet measure the same.

20. Soldering:
I use a 240V Iron which has a solid round 7mm copper bar, from the old country. I use it 95% of the times for all work I do on the motors, except in tight places. It is very fast in melting the solder, thus the heat does not have time to pass the clamps. It is especially handy for unsoldering transistors out of a board by heating up the solder connection and blowing the solder out of the hole with compressed air, (they just fall out, then use a sharp piece of hard wood do clean all the blown solder off the board). Using good Heat Sink Clamps is a must of course where you can use them, otherwise apply heat to the board first and then touch the transistor terminal quickly, when soldering them back on. Use Rosin Core Solder only. Use a small torch to burn the plastic coating off the copper wire and shine up with emery cloth. Before you solder transistor terminals on heavy copper wire, apply some solder to the wire first and make sure you have a good bond, other wise the solder will come off the copper and the following arcing will ruin your transistor.

21. Silicone Grease:
Is a water repellent, non-melting, dielectric grease lubricant. Use it on all your heat sinks at the bolt on copper and transistor surfaces for a corrosion free  and long lasting good conductor.

22. Batteries:
See my comment about Batteries on my 5th page

23. Inverter:

Once you have a battery supercharged be aware not to use it for running your SG off of it directly, but rather through an inverter using a power source. As you will know by now, the SG or SSG's are not placing a conventional charge but scalar energy into the batts, hence the different reaction for power out. Even though inverters are not very efficient you will find getting more out of the battery as from a direct draw. The trick is to size the inverter according the amperage draw of the motor, the bigger the inverter the more amperes wasted the more abuse they will take though. That is when a couple of nice deep cycle battery banks come in handy. You put your machines to work and walk away, not so with regular batts, unless you are an electronics wiz!!!

Switching Power Supply
I found it convenient having  a couple of 12V 18A, 350W output rated computer power supplies handy (for 50 Bucks each) for both my SG's and computer, in case my computer PS brakes down. If you buy one just look for the green wire in the bundle and connect it to the chassis, otherwise it wont power up on the outlet. Always shut it down first before the SG.  On my older 12V 10A SPS I de-soldered all black (-) and yellows (+12V) wires off the PC board and replaced them with one 14 gage each.

With the SSG4a in Image 4 next page, I am using an open switching (computer) power supply 12V 2.5Amp with an output of 11.6 VDC, using a Happy Days Goat Dairy milk container for a wind tunnel. Note: There are plastic covers in front of some of those 12V square fans, which are removable for oiling (adding oil and Protec or XL+!!) This is a must if you want full and lasting fan power. Cut those wide bars off the steel boxes, in front of the fan and replace with wire mesh. Because of the good cooling I was able to draw as much as 3.5 amps out of that 2.5Amp unit without damage once.

24. Power Supply  and charging small batteries:
I use a DS-304M (very reliable unit) adjustable power supply from 0 - 15V  30 AMP which gives me enough flexibility to charge any small size battery with the big benefit of being able to choose the exact voltage for charging every individual size. I have actually charged little hearing aid batts successfully, having made a holder to charge five in series at once (mind you there is only one type that will charge up to 1.9 volts (surface) the others usually won't give or they just pop) with my SSG4a 4 coiler (performer, 2 x 3 1/4" yogurt rotor) at a motor input of 2 volt cutting the RPM way back as a result and still having 11.5 VDC charging. In the past I had some of the smaller batteries pop on me (messy business), because of this charging interruption, I started to use a 115 Ohm 3 Watt resister in series with an LED to protect the transistors, not that I have lost any transistors because of it so far, I do use the neon lamp even on the Bedini/Cole switching.
I  changed my electric shaver right from new, cutting the 110VAC cord for SSG hook up and changed some of the wires around going to the board and AA-NiCad battery, using * the  DS-304M variable PS , set at 4V in 1.4V out for 50 to 60min. settling to 1.35V.  2 -D cells set at 8.5V in  5.4 out for three hrs charging to 3V.   4 -  D cells set at 8.5V in 8.9V out for six hrs charging to 7.5V. Any components that use wall mart chargers, I install a couple of  banana jacks bypassing the components hooking up directly to the battery terminals.  *If you build a small SSG you can probably get away with using a 9VDC / 12VDC Power Wall Adapter which must be at least 1 amp per setting.

I haven't used the bulb in the trigger lately since it causes loss of efficiency.  All we (Bedini fans) suggest you start slow and small with one transistor and one coil  to get used to the motor and its circuit and find out what really is taking place with this machine, meaning a proper size coil in order to add on to it later. Just for starters, take two new 12V batteries one at the beginning an one at the end and place an analog current meter in line with the primary battery and motor, mark down the result in watts. V x A = Watts. While you watch the volts climb in the secondary battery with a volt meter, remove the analog current meter and place it in line with the secondary battery  and 1N4007 diodes and mark down the results in watts. Now compare the difference and ask yourself what charges the battery since it is not current according to your findings!!!! Add an LED to a  winding and watch what happens to the current draw of the primary. Check what kind of voltage is in the windings, the milliamps primary in and 200 to 800 volt-spikes out!!! Find the marvel of automatic adaptation of this Bedini circuit to all kinds of different batteries and so forth.......

Did you mark down all the ohm values of the soldered-in transistors? Thus you will always know the condition of your assembly!!
Did you hook up the charging batteries, because if you haven't, there is a good chance for damaging the transistors, even if it is just chipping them, never rely on the neon bulb. It is a safety valve, which is about all.
Clip the negative pole of the coil to the emitter of the transistor going to the batt negative. Take the north end lead and  flash-touch the positive terminal of the batt, if the magnet of the rotor is repelled, you got the set up correct and if the magnet is pulled in to the coil core you must reverse the coil leads. Do the same things again, only this time, look for a spark while you touch the pos. terminal of the batt. If you have a spark, the transistor is biased on, turn up the pot anywhere from 180 to 400 Ohm (use 2-3 watt resistors) until the spark disappears, if not, you have a burned out transistor. If you have an LED in parallel to the windings it should also momentarily light up when you flick on the switch. It might even stay on with a buzzing sound, the moment you give the rotor a nudge it will change to interrupted sounds. If the rotor is barely and harsh running, voltage is sucked down and amperage is jumping up... you have a dead short --->transistors. If the SG suddenly quits and is dead, you have a wire shorting out somewhere. If the neon lights up you have no connection to the charging battery. The neon should never be on.

Once you have rotation, read:   Tuning a multi coiler  not quite halve down the replication page.

You can only charge from one source at a time, either through all three diode connections off the collector or
through the SCR! Charging little batteries takes sometimes small assemblies where clips slip off, batts fall out, batts pop etc. therefore it is always good to clip an LED across the charging wires to protect the transistors in case the circuit at the batts should open for whatever reason. See the drawing above, where such an LED is connected in parallel with two 1.25V NiCad’s.

Cone start:  Once you are a little more advanced needing to start a self runner, then use an RC (radio cotrolled air craft) starter cone and 12V starter motor or hand drill, instead a pull cord.  Spin an in- or ouside alu.cone onto the SSG shaft and start the SSG with a rubber shaft or for the RC prop/turbine cone use a rubber ring  driver from your RC days.  :)

27. Capacitors:

Treat them like they will bite you!!! Get in a habit to cross the leads with a screw driver before you touch them. If you don't, you might get thrown across the room some day, they don't always bleed off. Once I took apart a bunch of recycle cameras out of a box from a photo shop, one cap had 380 volts on it!!!! Is that telling you something?
While you are checking out a solid state board to test caps, place or clamp it in such a way, that you do not have to touch it once you plug it in. Put on glasses, because they have a tendency to blow up out of the end of the cylinder body.
If you unhook the battery charging lead before the SG rotor comes to a full stop, the caps will collect enough voltage to shock you if touching both cable ends!! The spike alone can give you a hefty shock, if you don't pay attention to what you are doing. Also having the SG hooked up to a Power Source , even though everything is shut off, the high voltage caps of the PS will slowly bleed off through the negative lead into the SG caps filling them!!!! Be alert!!   Don't touch things without thinking!
A very good site to read up on caps is: http://www.sayedsaad.com/fundmental/11_Capacitance.htm    also inductance, flux expanding under self inductance and transformer voltage turn ratios,  etc.

Since you are now the proud owner of an energizer which charges any battery, you might as well put it to use. Always bypass all components for a direct hook up. The reason of course is the heavy voltage spikes.
For an example, let’s look at my new Philips shaver which I bought just for that purpose. Some day I will not be able to buy shaving soap anymore, hence my decision for the rotary stubble cutter.
I cut the 110V cord  3" from the plug on the shaver side by a 1" step making it impossible for the two ends to ever make contact (banana plugs is another route).  Then I marked one side of the plug with a red line across into the shaver body for the positive conductor and also the longer end of the cutoff. With a 1.8x40mm Torx driver I unscrewed the two screws which held the case together. Discharge the 385V caps with a 4 watt resistor or a lamp  by holding the resistor with insulated pliers pocking one lead on top of the capacitor which is the negative and the other lead touched the positive of the NiCad battery and lifted out the board (sometimes you run into caps that are enclosed with the negative not in reach, there is usually a solder spot provided beside the cap on the board instead, where one can short it out). I unsoldered the plug fastened to the board permanently. On the same side of  the plug lead, lining up with my red mark on the outside of the housing, I soldered a bigger red wire taking it along on top of the board to the end and down under  connecting up with the positive of the motor and battery soldering spot. On the negative side of the plug I fastened a green heavy wire one inch longer as the red one to make up with the one inch I lost on the cord and fastened it to the negative solder terminal of the battery under the board, installed it all back and hooked up the VOM making sure all is well. Read the 6/5/4 last lines of paragraph 24. Some times later, I added another Ni Cad in parallel since there was enough space on the board. I soldered on a small drop of rosin on both sides of the battery, added a red and green wire each side just long enough to reach the terminals of the battery beside it. With my jackknife I carved down the ribs on the plastic cover making room for the new cell. In the process I broke off a tiny nob on the unsteady plastic sled-switch which rendered it useless, until I fixed it with a drop of E-Z Super-Glue. It made quite a difference to the performance of the cutter. Before I start up my energizers charging any battery, I always hook up a voltmeter confirming proper hookup, charge rate and voltage. I seldom walk away from the setup before physically checking temperature of resistors, heat sinks and coils.

Save the carbon rods out of the 1-1/2 V batteries that have them. You can bundle them up to proper length, dip the ends into hot led and voila you have a nice big resistor.

Holes up to 1/2 inch are no problem. Use masonry bit and sharpen bit like an ordinary steel drill bit. Make your own 1" tungsten drill core bit  #1.---> out of 15/16" pipe or 1-1/4" round stock to cut the hole in the glass bottle base,  by cutting two slots on either side in line of the pipe center and silver solder carbide bits into the slots. #2.---> Old spade drill bit, heat up tip and solder carbide inserts onto the edges protruding at least 1/4 " in length of bit. To sharpen carbide tipped drill bits from the store, you need to use diamond or  softer green silicon carbide wheels on your bench grinder. For glass you need sharp cutting edges and angles much like for steel cutting in order to minimizing cutting pressure while cooling with water to keep the glass cool. Tape or putty up the bottle sides to keep the water in a pool , use medium rpm and slower rpm for core bits. Patients is the answer for the job :).
Bottles can be cut on the tile saw, or with Oxy. Acet. torch set to low gas pressure small nozzle and small sharp cool flame (whispering blue short core, not yellow), use turning platform (SG), floppy disk drive, or record turn table, balance with sticky  reservoir or septic tank sealant/caulking strip, turn the bottle slowly and steady, apply heat to ink mark with a steady aim to the line in intervals and irregularly but close up, play with it but quickly, to shock the glass... glass will snap off evenly all around in a few seconds, if the flame is too hot the top part of the bottle will shatter and you won't get a clean straight break. If you apply steady yellow heat the bottle will just warm up and you will end up frustrated!! The hot wire method did not work for me on the rounded neck of the bottle.
Clean up the cut glass on a belt sander or sanding disk on your handgrinder and wear a mask.


31. Spark Gap
Silver solder a carbide bit/chip or building up the copper tip by dipping the rod into tungsten powder or get somebody to trickle the powder over your melting bronze. (Wear proper goggles) SS or  round headed Brass bolts,
Carbon/Graphite (welding supplies (air ark) and  thoriated tungsten rods are used for spark gaps.

Safety gap: Take an old 3/4 by 1 -3/4" bearing (seven balls) and cut the outer race in half with a torch, place the balls on top of 1/4" nuts and tig weld them onto the nuts. Of course you can buy those rounded nuts too.
Gap of 1.4mm = 1000V which spark is found by slowly cranking up the pressure. :)
The sparks of the gaps are very noisy, enclosed and air vented under slight airpressure with big magnets added is best solution when using Tesla cone transformers.


Tesla Cone Transformer Patent No. 593,138, November 2, 1897:
I cut a 6” / 153mm disc out of a  ¾ “ / 19mm board and marked  the circumference into 32 segments, drilled 1/4 “ hole in the center and placed a 1 – ¾” bolt with washers and nut in it, good and tight. Out of the same board I cut an 1 - ½ “ disc and marked it into 4 sections.
Then I ripped some 3/32 / 2mm stripes off of the board to make 32 ribs for the cone. Since the ribs are only 1mm or so apart on the top disc, they must be tapered on the ¾” top side, otherwise they won’t settle in properly on the top at the time of the gluing operation. To get the correct rib sizes, the cone is drawn onto a cardboard with all the angles with the cone side measuring 155mm / 6 - 1/16 “, which is the surface the  #30AWG magnet wire is mounted on.
I used crazy glue to glue 4 ribs in, starting with no. 1 and then 3 more at 90 º appart, holding the top disc in place. You have to have four hands to do this job :). Then I waited ‘til they stood by themselves. For the rest I used Carpenter’s glue. Once dry you can use a rasp and sandpaper to clean it up on the drill press.
Or the cone is placed in the lathe chuck and life center and trued up. Then I glued a #23AWG wire around the top edge to hold the copper wire from sliding off and a little nail as an anchor for the #30AWG.  Then Carpenter’s glue is applied in short sections (to prevent it from getting to tacky) to the rib surface. I wound about one inch of wire onto the cone then cleaned the squeezing through glue off the copper with a wet sponge, before I proceeded adding more glue onto the ribs.  The wire is wound from the narrow end towards the 6” disc side with the lathe in reverse giving me a right hand north polarized coil, because it is the south pole of the coil which I am starting from. As the secondary wire is fed onto the slippery surface it slides into place nice and tight. This can be done easily by hand with somebody cranking the cone off a bearing in a board, it just takes longer. If you can arrange the wire being fed through a pulley under spring tension there would be less danger for the wire to snap off.
I used some 1 - 1/2" tubing and angle-iron-setup for a guide to push the pulley along guiding the wire up the cone. The winding assembly was bolted onto the tool post of the lathe.  I cut a peace of the tubing, parted it in half clamped it onto the tubing and welded the seams shut, it worked great for a slide. For the 21/2" sheave/pulley I used 1/4 " flat aluminum and pressed a small bearing into it. The one on the photograph was to small, I had to change it for a bigger one. The V-groove of the sheave, about 1.5mm deep, must be shaped like a halve current sine wave http://www.sayedsaad.com/fundmental/5_Sine%20Wave%20In%20Phase.htm with a nice radius to the edge of the sheave. This way the wire angle running off the spule matters little, because the wire keeps sliding along the pulley grove and radius without  jumping off.
If you happen to break the wire, slide a shrink sleeve in place before you solder the two ends up nice and parallel. If you wind the wire onto the cone by hand, place the cone horizontally in front of you with the 6” base at your left while turning the cone clock wise feeding the wire over the top surface.
Resin coat is next...hold off with the resin coat 'till further notice. Then glue five ¼” / 6mm wood blocks ½ “ / 13mm from the bottom to keep the two turns of #8AWG primary at the proper air gap, then the wire is temporarily masking taped in place beside the blocks and 5 -  5/8” / 16mm x 1 – ½” linen cloth strips are cut for the saddle straps of the primary and held in place over top of the wood blocks with two coats of resin.
Cone is bolted onto ¾ shelving board. A 160mm x 1/8^th shrink tube is slipped overtop of the secondary and glued with hot stick (glue gun) from the top of the cone to the base and soldered onto an isolation fence, same with the polarized end.
The amount of secondary wire is found by equal weight of the primary. If the primary wire wound twice onto the cone has pigtails of 3” or 76mm, the weight of the secondary works out just right, if you follow my measurements.

Image 9                               Posted  Dec. 06


The main reason is safety and trying to keep it as simple as possible, in case you wonder why I don't just stay with the ED Gray tube. I can move the high voltage of electrostatic induction or electro-radiant energy, safer from one building to an other with the cone setup, because of the earth grounding plates on both ends. Even though the current is suppose to be a pure aetheric stream, Tesla still cautioned and was talking about security. The other is I think I can create higher Voltages/aether currents with the cone for less work done. Perhaps for the same reason Nikola Tesla left the frictional machine and Leyden jar behind and  developed the Cone-Transformer or induction coil of peculiar properties. Cones are fast cheep and easy to build, once I have the Motor-Dynamos with the proper output, high frequency and short impulse setup with duration of less than 100 microseconds. With other words, I'll know more a little further down the road.  :)

Image 9a


40uF 5KV Monster capacitor!
What we be using the big cap for.......does it have an application in the Bedini set up, or is it just for fun?

Both, Bedini and fun!!!

It is entirely depending as to what you are steering for, charging batteries only or serious Home Power.

The Idea is to get into cold, save and radiant electricity by creating explosive radiant electrostatic fields of spatially-distributed voltage which is picked up by Ed Gray’s tube, through Tesla’s secondary high frequency trafo’s or Bedini's magneto and stored in big caps of 10uF minimum to do work.

You heat your house and or you can run a large electro motor driving a 240V 60cycle generator for your house power needs, like I hinted above, there is many ways to use this radiant HV. Aether energy you can get with any high frequency apparatus switched with the Bedini circuit storing it in big caps instead of burning it up or Edwin Gray's charge-receiving-grids-conversion-element-switching-tube fed by 5KV caps from one side and 12/24V with commutator (unidirectional current) from the other. Power is raised in Gray's setup from the battery via an inverter filling the 5KV caps to 3000 volts DC, or your own self running magneto.

I suggest you buy Peter Lindemann’s book “The Free Energy Secrets of Cold Electricity” http://www.free-energy.ws/products.html

If you read that from cover to cover it will give you a good shot in the arm!! Bedini's Ed Gray schematics are in the back of that book. You will understand my Schematics page a bit better also.

 

Benchtop Drill Press
The bigger the throat the bigger the disk work peace you can machine on it. If you buy a used machine make sure the radial main spindle is within 0.001" or 0.025mm slack on its axis. Test it with dial indicator.  If you don't have one, then buy one, because you will need it many times to come
If you have a 16 - 1/2" press you can boar a hole into the center of a 16" Lexan work peace, fasten it to a mandrel/arbor tighten it into the drill chuck and machine it true to a 16" diameter. The cutting tool is clamped onto the table with the platform locked, whence the spindle with the work peace is slowly lowered onto the cutting edge.
Wanting to drill an accurate bore bigger then 1"? Take a 3/4"/19mm round rod and drill a 5/16 hole 1/4 or 3/8th " from the end with 1/4  threaded bore into the face of the rod with 1/4"/6mm set screw to hold the 1/4 Hi-Speed Steel bit (HSS), see Image 9c and d below of this bar and set up along with a sharpened drill bit example, besides my drawing below, giving you an idea what I am talking about.

Image 9b


Image 9c


Center the work peace with a 1" spade bit, I use a center punch which I machined in the lathe, drill hole,  replace with the boring bar and set the 1/4" tool-cutting bit to 30mm for the 30mm bearing to slide or press-fit. Press fit for Lexan 0.001"/0.025mm. For aluminum only 0.002"/0.05mm, heat up with torch and drop the mag's into the holes (but remember the flux currents with aluminum). Use micro meter and memo pad for the different bore diameter settings or make yourself three or four cutting bars. If you  aquire a box of cheap carbon drill bits on the market it will come in handy do drill up a 1/2" hole in 1/16th increments into one inch diameter bore of aluminum. In order to prevent chatter you'll have to grind the free or relief angle of all drill bits slightly down to 1º making sure not to change the 118º  point angle, use gage NO. 1. You'll have to do this very carefully on the bench grinder. Make yourself a gage NO. 2 out of 1.5mm steel plate which you hold onto the twist cuttingchip surface angle of the drill bit against the light watching your progress. This is best done while you in increments are drilling up the 1/4' aluminum.plate towards the press fits of the magnets or bearing races. Very gingerly start the big drill bits on the bore. If you have done it right you'll get a smooth cut and chip without chatter right off the bat, perhaps with a slight squeak meaning part of a free angle at or near 0º to the cutting edge stopping the bit from chatter. While grinding the bit, continually measure along the shank to the cutting edge for same distance on both sides, very important for equal cutting depth. If the drill bit stopped the chatter but also the cutting, it means you have 0º free cut angle on both cutting edges. Sharpen the drill bits on the flat side of the grinding wheel not on the front radius... Good self discipline and concentration exercise :) For sharpening dull bits use an curving action off your wrist on the relief angle of the bit  If you can get it to work for you then you learned how to sharpen drill bits freehand, which very few people are capable of. Before you start with the sharpening process, study the drill bit root picture and angles form the top (tip view), see picture below, and keep comparing your work with an untouched drill bit in order to maintain the same shape and web angle exactly.

Image 9d




Shape your  own HSS or drill rod cutting bit
Don't have a long enough boring bare for an accurate 1" bore? Then take a 5/16 HSS round bar or drill rod (silver steel), heat up one end little more then cherry red and form it on the anvil or chunk of rail tie into the desired shape by widening working it flat and turning it over bending it slightly on the anvil corner for the cutting edge. Grind the proper cutting, chip, back and free angle to it as shown in Image 10 below.  If you see a worn out or broken adjustable wood drill or other cutting tool on a flee market or garage sale, grab it because the shank will be carbon steel for a good boring bar.
Not sure whether it is HSS carbon steel or just round rod? Stick it in the bench grinder and watch the sparks fly. If the sparks are dull red and just a few semi white it is hot rolled or cold drawn steel, although you see plenty bright white stars fly (burning up carbon) it will be drill rod (silver steel), compare it with one of your  broken carbon drill bits (cheap bits). The sparks of HSS  high speed steel are mainly dull red.
Hardening the cutting tip: Heat up tip equally to cherry read without burning the tip (more then cherry red is burning it) then quench in oil by stirring it around in the oil 'till cool,  if you can still work it with a file you picked the wrong steel.
I found that those yellow twist drill bits, meaning coated with Titanium nitride, have a more narrow cross section on the twist then the black quality ground HSS bits do, the work peaces continuously get sucked up out of your hand a long the drill bit, quite aggravating to say the least, plus the ones I have are very low quality alloy, meaning the bit gets worn down on the shank to the next size!  Also the black ground HSS bits usually come with better quality alloy which is the reason for the higher cost.  Carbon steel drill bits have been sold to me on eBay advertised as HSS, consequently I will be careful from now on what I purchase from there.
Never let drill bits get hot while drilling, always use cutting/cooling fluids even if you just use a squirt bottle is better than nothing. Make it a habit to adapt the RPM to the drill bit size you are using, always slow RPM for bigger drill bits.

Image 10



Cutting a thread into a work peace is best done by chucking the threading tap into the drill press and idling the cutter into the bore (see drill size on thread chart) of the work peace after flicking the motor on and off, thus the cutter is started nicely and square in the bore, then finished cranked by hand tool. Always use a couple drops of cutting fluid like New Rapid Tap (ozone friendly), it is especially helpful in Lexan plasic applications with less stickiness and smooth cuttings, it makes the thread look nice and shiny.

Lead

Soon or later you'll be in need for some lead.
I took an 800CCA battery apart this winter and melted the lead down. It is a messy job but beats buying the lead.

To get rid of the acid I neutralized it with garden lime; better is Type S (lumber mart), which the masons are using, it works the best. I use it a lot with a brush and little water until neutralized, especially after charging a battery. I actually neutralized straight sulphuric acid with moistened  Type S lime which foamed a little and got warm, then I let it dry in the sun where it got hard like Plaster of Paris. Once I wet it  again and tested it with my garden PH tester the indicator showed PH of 7 neutral. I stuck my finger in it and noticing it being tasteless.

A 1000 CCA battery will take around 2 liters of Type S to neutralize. I dump 2 yogurt containers full of it into a 20 l plastic pail with some water and dump the battery electrolyte in it, stir it well add TS 'til it is neutral by measuring it with my PH tester. Then I dump some of the white soup back into the battery and let it sit a while before I take the battery apart.
I let the pail sit for a day, then slowly poring off the water and dumping the lime onto a peace of plastic to let dry in the sun.

I air dried the grids beside the shop furnace then I tapped all the filler out with a steel brush over a copper pipe rack, consisting of a bunch of  3/4"  by 1" copper pipes standing upright in a cluster taped together.
For the crucible I welded a  2" DIA x 3" pipe onto a peace of scrap steel. The pipe was fitted with a slotted lid which was held on by a couple of nails tacked on its side walls. 10 cell grids rolled up, flattened and folded in half just fit inside the pipe nicely. Placed in hot wood coals of the furnace in the shop, it took 10 minutes to get it red hot, then pouring it into moist foundry sand making 3/8's for 1/4NC and 1/2" for 10mm into threaded rods, which I used for balancing my flywheel. You won’t twist them off, if you are very careful cutting the threads by hand thready. I precut them on the lathe and chased the threads by die later, which is much faster and saver.

__________________________________________________________

Advice: Be aware that I am, with reason for a different purpose, guilty in not copying JB's instructions exactly as far as the 1984 self runner concerns. I am talking about the Watson machine here though, which is different, I think. John Bedini writes that if built and adjusted correctly  this unit (free energy generator) should supply energy for whatever you need, which is a very broad statement for a guy like me. So if you are impatient listening to "poky" here, then build it exactly to JB's instructions found in the front pages of his FREE ENERGY GENERATION (FEG) book.

Here is the reason why:                                                        Posted: Jan.17-09

LC Resonant Tank-Circuit!!!

If you look at Figure 10. page 25 in JB's FEG you will understand what I am talking about!!!!
"The winding of this alternator is a problem and it is tricky"!!!... he writes.

There are 6 tank-circuits!!!
 
Lets say I drive a parallel LC circuit at its resonant angular frequency. The effective impedance across the network goes to infinity meaning it is acting like an open circuit also meaning that current flow between the source and ground will be zero. Now that the internal oscillating current between L and C is going on, no more current will be supplied through the network by the power supply, because the power source cannot feel a potential difference across the network.
The power source in this case are the magnets. With the approaching magnet, the individual coils are magnetically charged (Magneto) with this 136V positive sine pulse; at the same time the capacitor is being charged with DC because the inductor is resisting current changes within the LC network, it passes a steady state current to the cap. As the magnet is leaving the core, discharging the accumulated voltage in the tank circuit  abruptly (open circuit), causing a voltage collapse, here again you have the famous  energy shock called sharp gradient which is extracting radiant energy from the Dirac Sea charging the big capacitor, which will be the reason for the KV production. With other words; 6 tanks circuits will produce more potential at the sharp gradient as 6 coils by themselves.

What we need to know is the units of Henry’s stored in the inductor (140Ω 136VAC)  in order to use then the proper equivalent uF cap values with the Inductor in the tank circuit for a resonant setup.
 
According the Watson picture using polarized caps would make sense then in this occasion, since inductors pass pulsated DC voltages. He probably used three caps in parallel per tank circuit to get the proper capacity!
 
About the variable capacitor; Use a smaller capacitance beside the big one in order for the system to self regulate. For example use a big cap with a large capacity of 50uF with a smaller capacity cap of 0.25uF with same voltage in parallel with it to get the variable.

For my flywheel I am using an 8" (8-1/2" OD/216 mm) water main PVC pipe 3" or 76mm long. 3-1/2 or 89mm Alu. bushing over the 1/2"/13mm shaft with a 1" = 25.38mm collar for the set screws, on the other end a small step for the Lexan plate. Make sure this bushing fits between the two 12mm bearings on the inner race only and bore it out with a boring bar for a slide fit. If you use 1/2" brass shafting you must machine it down to12mm for the bearing to slide along it with a little step at the shoulder for a good fit. Use a little Permatex Locktite if you think the race will turn on the shaft on the first one. On the stator side I used a 10 mm bearing   On the collar side I used 1/4" x 8 1/2" OD stepped aluminum which I shrank onto the Alu bushing  and on the magnet side a  1/8th (not shown on the drawing) stepped 1/2"LEXAN cover, is for safety. File two flat spots onto the 3-1/2" Alu. hub-bushing, the same to all the plastic dowels, making sure nothing turns in the concrete.
I used 6, better is 8  plastic  dowels 5/8' or 16mm Dia. are for lead weights balancing purposes while four SS bolts (ready rod) holding it all together; Spent much time balancing the wheel and it paid off. If you center drill the plastic rods which are fitted with step into holes on the alu. disc you can later drill them out according to weight size of the threaded lead weight which you established by tacking weights to the OD of the fly wheel until balanced. I just used scraps of steel and mg scale, cut and threaded the lead rods with slot on one end and a little longer as needed for trimming later.  I actually used birch wood dowels but do not recommend them since  the threads do not cut into it worth a hoot. 1/2" Lexan cut into strips and machined makes good dowels, by the way.  (Loose fit make room for glue). On dowels for the flywheel leave a little of the flat part as you machine it down for anchoring purposes.
For the mass I poured a rich (two parts cement) concrete mix using coarse sand and 1/4"/ 6mm screened gravel. You need to drill at least four 1/4" holes in the Lexan cover for the water and excess soup to escape after you squeeze it all together with the four rods and clamps, use plastic mallet and work it real good. The reason I used concrete it being  neutral to flux currents, cheep and heavy, with total weight of 6.5kg. Standard concrete mix  is one part Portland cement, three parts sand, four parts gravel and 5 gallons of water per 94 pound sack. Off the cuff, the water content in the mix is good if it sticks to the tool, like stiff dough.  About the mix among other things see Index No. 8 Back to Basics.

I used 1/2" Lexan for the magnet rotor disc. Lade out the 11", then the 8" circle with the 6 center marks and 1-1/2 circles. Used the band saw to accurately cut along the circular OD line, then drilled a 1" bore 1/8 deep with a spade bit, preparing the rotor for the glued up hub assembly. 

For the hub I cut three 1/2" Lexan disks 1 -1/2" OD which I machine on the lathe with individual steps with loose fit for the glue, glued them all together let set over night under "light" pressure and cut the threads for the set screw before I glued the hub assembly into the rotor center with 1/4" bore and held it all together with four #6-32x1" SS screws for safety, then finish the 1/4" bore. For the ones interested exactly in how I worked the hub see the drawing below. The Litze or braid-winder shaft and bobbin brake will also be on that drawing. The bobbin brake is not necessary for # 26AWG.

I used 2 set screws in the hub. Make sure to file a flat spot onto the shaft for each set screw. Also make sure not to over tighten screws or pressure in the vice otherwise the Lexan will answer you with cracks all around the work peace or bolt heads. Bore rotor out to fit the shaft, then use a mandrel for machining the OD of the rotor on the drill press if your lathe is to small, which is the reason for preparing the OD of the magnet rotor as precize as possible.
On the six holes use a 1" spade bit (must run true) to start each bore then use the rough boring bar for the last 1/2 inch and adjust it in 2.5mm increments focusing on the 1-1/2 circles as you machine out the bore except the last setting for a 1.5mm step on the 6 - 1 1/2 holes for the magnets to protrude with press fit of 0.003". I used the screw vice to press them in, you must feel a slight pressure when you tighten the vice making sure you can't push them back out by hand. Loose is no good and too tight is to risky. Machine a test hole until satisfied, then use that specific boring bar for all six holes.
Do not forget to mark all the magnets with the "N" north towards the stator plate.
Do not forget  to balance the rotor perfectly. Drill holes close to the 11" OD where needed and glue in lead shot.

Accuracy in all your work done is of utmost importance if you want things to work properly in this machine, no room for sloppiness!

The temporary 12 V permanent magnet DC motor you see in the picture below is off my 1980 VW Rabbit radiator fan. It runs at 3500RPM consuming 24A at start up and 4.5 A at top speed.  I start it up on one of my garden tractor batteries, once the rpm is up I switch it over to one of my computer power switching supplies for the time being for the good of the battery. It is a bad habit to draw current off a battery and letting it sit without recharging it! I won't use the self-runner commutator until I have the proper output on the energizer coils.

Had to build two skids for the base, (not shown in my drawing below) too much flex in the Lexan, hard on the brass shaft. Rubber on rubber works good to kill vibrations. I found some rubber bushings from my monitor and printer salvage parts 5/8 by 3/4 high and 3/16th bore (drill a hole in hard rubber works also). Machined a little Lexan bushing for the screw shaft halve up the rubber bushing screwing it to the two birch skids underneath the Lexan plate. Further I cut two strips off of a 5mm inner tube (from logging skidder) and set the whole machine on it, which held the machine in place.

For the motor shaft interconnection I used a small flexible coupling (Princess Auto) with 5/16"/ 7.5mm bore OD 1-5/64"/ 29mm with spider overall 1-23/32"/ 33mm : L050 series, which is designed for low hp application. The item is sold as two couplings with a solid "hard" rubber spider.  Better  you use a softer flex coupling like I show on the drawing below..
Setup is quite touchy; it will wine and bind if it isn't just lined up right, hence the Lexan motor mounting plate must be adjustable!

On the 1/2" stator plate I changed the position of the coils making room for a plate support.

The wiring and switching of the machine is illustrated in my drawing No. 10b Bedini-Tesla-Gray Home-Power jpg. INDEX  xxx in Schematics Illustrated

Build a safety shield around the flywheel and magnet rotor if you run it over 1800 rpm!
 
Image 11

I   Facts Page  I  Alternative Energy  I  My first Replication  I  Schematics.html  I   Tesla Power  I  Parts Page   I

This website is under construction!

HOME

The URL of this page:
http://www.fight-4-truth.com/Work%20Shop.html   
 

:COPY-RIGHT/COPY-CLAIM : DECEMBER ~19, 2005 BY THE  Erwin-Badertscher,OWNER OF THE ERWIN BADERTSCHER(SIC), TRADE-NAME.